Keeping It in the Family: Serop Simonian’s Children Convicted Over Antiquities Proceeds

The Hamburg Regional Court has convicted the children of a Hamburg-based art dealer Serop Ohan Simonian in connection with the laundering and sale of Egyptian antiquities allegedly removed through illegal excavations.  The court's ruling ordered the confiscation of €32 million in proceeds and imposed fines for the antiquities dealer's son totalling €90,000 and his daughter totalling €30,000 

Image Credit: 
Serop Simonoian
Facebook Page. 

Although the German court did not publish either defendant’s full names, identifying them as the “adult son and daughter of the antiquities dealer”, the objects, transactions, charges, and financial transfers described by prosecutors correspond with the cases previously brought against Abraham and Alice Simonian.  They are the son and daughter of Hamburg-based antiquities dealer Serop Simonian.

The decision, handed down by the Court on Monday, 24 August 2026, represents one of the first major convictions arising from the sprawling international investigation into a network accused of placing illicitly excavated Egyptian objects with some of the world’s most prestigious museums.

According to German prosecutors, the male defendant, identified by the court as “S.”, was charged with receiving stolen property and fraud.  The female defendant, identified as “Sc.”, faced a money-laundering charge.  

Earlier reporting, including a detailed investigation published recently by The Atlantic in May 2026, decribes Serop Simonian’s son Abraham as being prosecuted in Germany for fraud and receiving stolen goods, and his sister, Alice, as being prosecuted for money laundering.  Their lawyers denied the allegations at the time.

The alignment of the charges is reinforced by the individual antiquities and transactions outlined in the Hamburg proceedings.  Prosecutors said that one of the cases concerned a funerary ensemble which included a series of nested coffins.  The objects were allegedly acquired after being removed illegally from Egypt and transported to Germany, despite being the property of the Egyptian state.  These artefacts were subsequently sold to the Louvre Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates with the assistance of a French antiquities dealer and accompanied by an allegedly forged Egyptian export permit.

While the museum was not named in the German court report, the description corresponds with the richly decorated cartonnage case and three wooden sarcophagi of Princess Henuttawy which was acquired by Louvre Abu Dhabi in 2014 for €1.5 million.  That funerary ensemble was sold by Christophe Kunicki, who is also presently under investigation, and purportedly came with a certificate from Michael Höveler-Müller as having been in Bonn, Germany prior to 2010. 

The Hamburg case also addressed the sale of a monumental bust, once said to be Cleopatra that is now referred to as ‘Head of a Ptolemaic Queen: Cleopatra VII (?).  The Abu Dhabi museum is known to have purchased seven pieces from Kunicki and his partner Richard Semper.  Prosecutors alleged that an individual identified as “Si.” had possessed the sculpture for years before it was sold to the Louvre-affiliated museum for approximately €35 million, the highest known price to date the museum has ever paid for a single antiquity.

The buyer was allegedly given a false account of the object’s ownership, supported by documentation intended to establish an apparently legitimate collecting history.

A third transaction mentioned in this German case involved a rose granite stela in the name of the “boy king” pharaoh Tutankhamun.  It was created in 1327 BCE.  According to prosecutors, “Si.” and another participant identified as “D.” sold the object to the museum in December 2016 for €8.5 million after misleading the buyer about its provenance.  

Jean-Luc Martinez, the former Louvre Museum Director from 2013 to 2021 approved the acquisition of the Tutankhamun stela and other objects, from Hamburg-based Lebanese dealer Roben Dib.  Dib worked for, as well as separately from, Serop Simonian and his brother Kevork, also supplying suspect artefacts through the auction house Pierre Bergé & Associés, as well as the Paris-based dealer Christophe Kunicki. 

Part of the payment for this stela was transferred in 2017 to the female defendant identified as “Sc.”, corresponding with the money-laundering charge previously reported against Alice Simonian.

Taken together, the details leave little reasonable doubt that the unnamed defendants in the Hamburg court ruling are Abraham and Alice Simonian. Nevertheless, the judgment must be reported with precision, as the court did not publicly disclose their full names. Their identities can instead be established by comparing the facts set out in the ruling with previously published open-source information concerning the proceedings against Serop Simonian and members of his family.

Before being formally charged, Serop Simonian, the Egyptian-born, Armenian antiquities dealer operated the Galerie Antiker Kunst Dr Serop Simonian and, later, Dionysos Ancient Coins & Antiquities in Hamburg.  Investigators have described him as a central figure in a network suspected of circulating looted Egyptian antiquities through dealers, warehouses, private collections, and museums in Europe, the Middle East, and the United States.

Simonian, through his lawyers, has denied the trafficking illicit antiquities.  He has maintained that much of the material handled by his family had been acquired by his brothers, Simon and Hagop Simonian, from Egyptian dealers and was lawfully exported during the 1960s and 1970s, before Egypt’s present antiquities legislation came into force.  The evidence disputing this is quite substantial and his statements have been challenged by investigators who say that several objects attributed to these older family collections were, in fact, freshly excavated and smuggled over the last decade.  In some transactions, allegedly fabricated ownership histories and backdated export documents were used in an attempt to give the objects a patina of legitimacy.  

Through his lawyers, Simonian has denied trafficking illicit antiquities.  He maintains that much of the material handled by his family was acquired by his brothers, Simon and Hagop Simonian, from Egyptian dealers and lawfully exported during the 1960s and 1970s, before Egypt’s current antiquities legislation came into force.  Investigators have challenged this account, citing substantial evidence that several objects attributed to these older family collections were recently excavated and smuggled.  In some transactions, allegedly fabricated ownership histories and falsified export documents were used to give the objects Simonian circulated a patina of legitimacy.

German police searched Simonian’s home and the Dionysos gallery in 2020.  On 20 July of that year, French investigating judges issued a European arrest warrant for him as authorities in Germany, France, and the United States examined antiquities sold to Louvre Abu Dhabi, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and other institutions and dealers.  His business associate, Roben Dib, would later be arrested in Paris on 22 March 2022 and formally indicted on charges of organised fraud, criminal association, and money laundering.

Simonian himself was indicted for organised fraud, money laundering, and criminal association in connection with the alleged smuggling of Egyptian artefacts and their sale to Louvre Abu Dhabi in 2016.   Arrested in Hamburg, he was extradited to France in September 2023 and detained for a period at La Santé prison in Paris.  German authorities reportedly declined to extradite his adult children because of their family circumstances, including the presence of young children.

While their father's case is ongoing, these Hamburg convictions are important because it moves part of this sprawling investigation beyond seizures, repatriations, and merely allegations.  It establishes criminal responsibility in relation to the proceeds of crime generated by specific museum sales and imposes the confiscation of €32 million, a sum reflecting the extraordinary profitability of the trade in illicit antiquities.  The case also demonstrates that antiquities laundering does not depend solely upon forged export permits. Institutional associations can themselves be used to give suspect objects a false appearance of legitimacy.

Objects associated with the Simonian family were once stored or exhibited at several German museums over extended periods of time.  In some cases, museums appear to have accepted privately owned antiquities into their facilities without complete documentation or conventional loan arrangements.  Their presence within respected German institutions could subsequently be cited as part of an object’s collecting and exhibition history.

The Simonian cases also illustrate why assumptions on the origins of high-value pieces without solid documentation is dangerous. A dealer's name in an ownership history is not a substitute for evidence of lawful excavation, export, and transfer of title.

For acquiring institutions, the lesson is not simply that forged documents can be convincing.  It is that due diligence must examine the origin of the objects AND documents, as the chronology they purport to establish, the identities and relationships of former owners, the movement of funds, and any gaps between an object’s alleged discovery and its first verifiable appearance say a lot about the object's legitimacy in a collection. 

These convictions of Abraham and Alice Simonian mark an important development, but they do not conclude the larger and wider investigation against their family member or his associated contacts.  Proceedings involving Serop Simonian, Roben Dib, Christophe Kunicki and others remain separate, and questions continue to surround objects known to have passed through this network and on into museums and private collections.

What the Hamburg judgment does establish is that the movement of illicit antiquities cannot be separated from the movement of the money these objects generate. This is hugely important.  It illustrates how false provenance can transform an illegally excavated object into a financially lucrativeaquisition.  Money laundering completes that transformation by converting the resulting sale proceeds into usable wealth.

In Hamburg, this court has now placed a substantial cost on both.